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Effects of Radioactive rays on the body system

Radioactive rays are energetic particles or waves emitted from the nucleus of unstable atoms.  These rays can damage living tissue and can have a variety of effects on the body, depending on the amount of exposure, the type of radiation, and the length of time exposed.

Acute effects of radiation exposure can occur within hours or days of a high dose of radiation. These effects can include:

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Loss of appetite
  • Fatigue
  • Hair loss
  • Skin burns

Chronic effects of radiation exposure may not appear for years or even decades after exposure. These effects can include:

  • Increased risk of cancer
  • Cataracts
  • Heart disease
  • Genetic defects

Type of radiation: 

Alpha particles are the least penetrating type of radiation, but they can cause the most damage if they are deposited inside the body. 

Beta particles can penetrate further than alpha particles, but they generally cause less damage. Gamma rays and X-rays are the most penetrating type of radiation. They can damage cells throughout the body.

Children are more sensitive to radiation than adults.

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